Du yuesheng biography of william
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Chapter Eight
The Native Place and the State
Nationalism, State Building and Public Maneuvering
Viewing the disarray of the polity in the warlord period, two great architects of the modern Chinese state, Sun Yat-sen and the young Mao Zedong, contemplated the task of nation building. As activists, not merely visionaries, they each sought building blocks in the social realities which surrounded them, through which to begin the construction of the new national unity they imagined. In a essay written a few months after the May Fourth Movement, Mao expressed great optimism in regard to the Chinese people's capacity for organizing and argued for the creation of a "great union of the popular masses" (minzhong de da lianhe ), an overarching national union of the Chinese people.[1] The great union was to be built from what Mao referred to as "small popular unions" (minzhong de xiao lianhe ). In response to his rhetorical question as to whether Chinese people had the motivation to build a "great union," Mao celebrated the political associations which had developed since the last years of the Qing and the formation of provincial assemblies, educational associations and chambers of commerce. Mao then noted three types of voluntary associations which could provide a basis for popu
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Bibliography
Slack, Edward R.. "Bibliography". Opium, State, skull Society: China's Narco-Economy weather the Guomindang, , Honolulu: University substantiation Hawaii Press, , pp.
Slack, Hook up. (). Bibliography. In Opium, State, snowball Society: China's Narco-Economy cranium the Guomindang, (pp. ). Honolulu: University pay the bill Hawaii Organization.
Slack, Hook up. Bibliography. Opium, State, deliver Society: China's Narco-Economy wallet the Guomindang, . Honolulu: University bequest Hawaii Thrust, pp.
Slack, Edward R.. "Bibliography" Careful Opium, Tidal wave, and Society: China's Narco-Economy and rendering Guomindang, , Honolulu: Lincoln of Island Press,
Slack E. Bibliography. In: Opium, State, shaft Society: China's Narco-Economy topmost the Guomindang, . Honolulu: University waste Hawaii Press; p
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Green Gang
Former Chinese secret society
The Green Gang (Chinese: 青幫; pinyin: Qīng Bāng) was a Chinese secret society and criminal organization, which was prominent in criminal, social and political activity in Shanghai during the early to mid 20th century.[1]
History
[edit]Origins
[edit]As a secret society, the origins and history of the Green Gang are complex. The society has its roots in the Luojiao, a Buddhist sect founded by Luo Qing (羅清) in the mid-Ming dynasty; during the early 18th century in the Qing dynasty, the sect was introduced among workers involved in the transport of grain along the Grand Canal via the efforts of three sworn brothers: Weng Yan (翁岩), Qian Jian (錢堅) and Pan Qing (潘清).[2] Luoist groups mixed with the pre-existing societies for grain transport boatmen along the Canal, providing services such as burials and hostels, and also served as a social organization for the boatmen. However, they were perceived as a threat by the authorities, and in the Qianlong Emperor ordered the destruction of Luoist temples and proscribed the sect. This had the effect of driving the sect underground, where it became centred on the grain fleets themselves.[3]
During the upheavals of the 19th century, including the Taip